Establish an on-the-land bison monitoring system

To carefully maintain the herd at the agreed-upon target size, accurate counting will be required. While this is primarily accomplished through radio-collaring and aerial surveying, such efforts should be complemented by an on-the-land observation program enlisting local trappers, wilderness and big game guides/outfitters, and First Nation families. This would provide a cross check on the accuracy of the population estimates. It also allows monitoring of bison physical condition, calf production, predation, interaction with other wildlife and the status of habitats.